How to Start Our Business?

                   How to Start a Business: A Step-by-Step Guide

1. Refine your idea
If you're thinking about starting a business, you likely already have an idea of what you want to sell, or at least the market you want to enter. Do a quick search for existing companies in your chosen industry. Learn what current brand leaders are doing, and figure out how you can do it better. If you think your business can deliver something other companies don't (or deliver the same thing, but faster and cheaper), you've got a solid idea and are ready to create a business plan.

Another option is to open a franchise of an established company. The concept, brand following and business model are already in place; all you need is a good location and the means to fund your operation.


2. Write a business plan
Now that you have your idea in place, you need to ask yourself a few important questions: What is the purpose of your business? Who are you selling to? What are your end goals? How will you finance your startup costs? These questions can be answered in a well-written business plan.

A lot of mistakes are made by new businesses rushing into things without pondering these aspects of the business. You need to find your target customer base. Who is going to buy your product or service? If you can't find evidence that there’s a demand for your idea, then what would be the point?

Conducting thorough market research on your field and demographics of potential clientele is an important part of crafting a business plan. This involves conducting surveys, holding focus groups and researching SEO and public data. A guide to conducting market research can be found on our sister site Business.com.

A business plan helps you figure out where your company is going, how it will overcome any potential difficulties and what you need to sustain it. A full guide to writing your plan can be found here, and when you're ready to put pen to paper, these free templates can help.


3. Assess your finances
Starting any business has a price, so you need to determine how you're going to cover those costs. Do you have the means to fund your startup, or will you need to borrow money? If you're planning to leave your current job to focus on your business, do you have some money put away to support yourself until you start making a profit? Find out how much you're going to need.

Experts generally agree that startup businesses often fail because they run out of money too quickly before turning a profit. It's never a bad idea to overestimate the amount of startup capital you need, as it can be a while before the business begins to bring in a sustainable revenue.

If you need financial assistance, a commercial loan through a bank is a good starting point, although these are often difficult to secure. If you are unable to take out a bank loan, you can apply for a small business loan through the Small Business Administration (SBA) or an alternative lender. [See related story: Best Alternative Small Business Loans]

Startups requiring a lot more funding up front may want to consider an investor. Investors usually provide several million dollars or more to a fledgling company, with the expectation that the backers will have a hands-on role in running your business. Alternatively, you could launch an equity crowdfunding campaign to raise smaller amounts of money from multiple backers.


You can learn more about each of these capital sources and more in our guide to startup finance options.


4. Determine your legal business structure
Before you can register your company, you need to decide what kind of entity it is. Your business structure legally affects everything from how you file your taxes to your personal liability if something goes wrong.

If you own the business entirely by yourself and plan to be responsible for all debts and obligations, you can register for a sole proprietorship. Be warned that this route can directly affect your personal credit. Alternatively, a partnership, as its name implies, means that two or more people are held personally liable as business owners. You don't have to go it alone if you can find a business partner with complimentary skills to your own.

If you want to separate your personal liability from your company's liability, you may want to consider forming one of several types of corporations. This makes a business a separate entity apart from its owners, and therefore, corporations can own property, assume liability, pay taxes, enter into contracts, sue and be sued like any other individual. One of the most common structures for small businesses, however, is the limited liability corporation (LLC). This hybrid structure has the legal protections of a corporation while allowing for the tax benefits of a partnership.

Ultimately, it is up to you to determine which type of entity is best for your current needs and future business goals. More details about the different business structures can be found here.


5. Register with the government and IRS
To become an officially recognized business entity, you must register with the government. Corporations will need an "articles of incorporation" document, which includes your business name, business purpose, corporate structure, stock details and other information about your company. Otherwise, you will just need to register your business name, which can be your legal name, a fictitious "Doing Business As" name (if you are the sole proprietor), or the name you've come up with for your company. You may also want to take steps to trademark your business name for extra legal protection.

After you register your business, you may need to get an employer identification number (EIN) from the IRS. While this is not required for sole proprietorships with no employees, you may want to apply for one anyway to keep your personal and business taxes separate, or simply to save yourself the trouble later on if you decide to hire someone else. The IRS has provided a checklist to determine whether you will require an EIN to run your business. If you do need an EIN, you can register online for free.

You also will need to file certain forms to fulfill your federal and state income tax obligations. The forms you need are determined by your business structure. A complete list of the forms each type of entity will need can be found on the SBA website. You can also find state-specific tax obligations there. Some businesses may also require federal or state licenses and permits to operate. You can use the SBA's database to search for licensing requirements by state and business type.

"You might be tempted to wing it with a PayPal account and social media platform, but if you start with a proper foundation, your business will have fewer hiccups to worry about in the long run," said Natalie Pierre-Louis, attorney with NPL Consulting.


6. Purchase an insurance policy
It might slip your mind as something you'll "get around to" eventually, but purchasing the right insurance for your business is an important step that should happen before you officially launch. Dealing with such incidents as property damage, theft or even a customer lawsuit can be costly, and you need to be sure that you're properly protected.

If your business will have employees, you will, at minimum, need to purchase workers' compensation and unemployment insurance. You may also need other types of coverage depending on your location and industry, but most small businesses are advised to purchase general liability (GL) insurance, or a business owner's policy. GL covers property damage, bodily injury and personal injury to yourself or a third party.

If your business provides a service, you may also want to consider professional liability insurance. It covers you if you do something wrong or neglect to do something you should have done while operating your business. Learn more about the types of insurance policies your business might need here.


7. Build your team
Unless you're planning to be your only employee, you're going to need to hire a great team to get your company off the ground. Joe Zawadzki, CEO and founder of MediaMath, said entrepreneurs need to give the "people" element of their businesses the same attention they give their products.


8. Choose your vendors
Running a business can be overwhelming, and you're probably not going to be able to do it all on your own. That's where third-party vendors come in. Companies in every industry from HR to business phone systems exist to partner with you and help you run your business better.

When you're searching for B2B partners, you'll have to choose very carefully. These companies will have access to vital and potentially sensitive business data, so it's critical to find someone you can trust. In our guide to choosing business partners, our expert sources recommended asking potential vendors about their experience in your industry, their track record with existing clients, and what kind of growth they've helped other clients achieve.


9. Brand yourself and advertise
Before you start selling your product or service, you need to build up your brand and get a following of people ready to jump when you open your literal or figurative doors for business.

Create a logo that can help people easily identify your brand, and be consistent in using it across all of your platforms, including your all-important company website. Use social media to spread the word about your new business, perhaps as a promotional tool to offer coupons and discounts to followers once you launch. Be sure to also keep these digital assets up to date with relevant, interesting content about your business and industry.

Creating a marketing plan that goes beyond your launch is essential to building a clientele by continually getting the word out about your business. This process, especially in the beginning, is just as important as providing a quality product or service.


10. Grow your business
Your launch and first sales are only the beginning of your task as an entrepreneur. In order to make a profit and stay afloat, you always need to be growing your business. It's going to take time and effort, but you'll get out of your business what you put into it.


Collaborating with more established brands in your industry is a great way to achieve growth. Reach out to other companies or even influential bloggers and ask for some promotion in exchange for a free product sample or service. Partner with a charity organization and volunteer some of your time or products to get your name out there. In this article, Business News Daily offers some suggestions for rapid growth.


Source:
https://www.businessnewsdaily.com/4686-how-to-start-a-business.html

Analytical Hierarchy Process

                                              Analytical Hierarchy 


      Pengambilan keputusan sudah menjadi bagian dalam kehidupan, kadangkala kita diperhadapkan pada dua atau lebih pilihan, atau pilihan mudah hingga yang paling sulit. Pada pengambilan keputusan yang melibatkan susutu sistem (sederhana atau kompleks) atau keputusan yang sifatya menentukan perjalanan perusahaan/organisasi bahkan negara maka keputusan tentu akan sulit jika hanya mengandalkan intuisi, sehingga pengambilan keputusan dilakukan setelah suatu melalui proses tertentu. Kemungkinan anda sudah pernah mendengar AHP atau Analytic Hierarchy Process. AHP merupakan salah satu alat bantu (proses) dalam pengambilan keputusan yang dikembangkan oleh Thomas L Saaty pada tahuhn 70an. Prosedur ini begitu powerfull sehingga sudah diaplikasikan secara luas dalam pengambilan keputusan yang penting. Penggunaan AHP bukan hanya untuk institusi pemerintahan atau swasta namun juga dapat diaplikasikan untuk keperluan individu terutama untuk penelitian-penelitian yang berkaitan dengan kebijakan atau perumusan strategi prioritas. Mengapa AHP dapat diandalkan, karena dalam AHP suatu prioritas disusun dari berbagai pilihan yang dapat berupa kriteria yang sebelumnya telah didekomposisi (struktur) terlebih dahulu, sehingga penetapan prioritas didasarkan pada suatu proses yang terstruktur (hierarki) dan masuk akal. Jadi pada intinya AHP membantu memecahkan persoalan yang kompleks dengan menysun suatu hirarki kriteria, dinilai secara subjektif oleh pihak yang berkepentingan lalu menarik berbagai pertimbangan guna mengembangkan bobot atau prioritas (kesimpulan).

 
PROSEDUR AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process)

Terdapat tiga prinsip utama dalam pemecahan masalah dalam AHP menurut Saaty, yaitu: Decompositiot, Comparative Judgement, dan Logical Concistency. Secara garis besar prosedur AHP meliputi tahapan sebagai berikut:
1) Dekomposisi masalah.
2) Penilaian/pembobotan untuk membandingkan elemen-elemen.
3) Penyusunan matriks dan Uji consistensi.
4) Penetapan prioritas pada masing-masing hirarki.
5) Sistesis dari prioritas.
6) Pengambilan/penetapan keputusan. Berikut uraian singkatnya.
Dekomposisis Masalah/Menyusun Hirarki
Dekomposisi masalah adalah langkah dimana suatu tujuan (Goal) yang telah ditetapkan selanjutnya diuraikan secara sistematis kedalam struktur yang menyusun rangkaian sistem hingga tujuan dapat dicapai secara rasional. Dengan kata lain, sutu tujuan (goal) yang utuh, didekomposisi (dipecahkan) kedalam unsur penyusunnya. Apabila unsur tersebut merupakan kriteria yang dipilih seyogyanya mencakup semua aspek penting terkait dengan tujuan yang ingin dicapai.

Analytical Exposition

                                                Analytical Exposition

Analytical Exposition merupakan jenis teks yang banyak kita jumpai dalam bacaan sehari-hari walaupun tidak semua orang tahu bahwa yang kita bacaa itu sebenarnya adalah jenis teks ini. Analayitical exposition text merupakan jenis teks yang berisikan pendapat-pendapat mengenai sesuatu baik benda, tempat, atau kejadian. Nah, pada kesempata kali ini Media Belajar Bahasa Inggris  akan membahas mengenai analytical exposition text. Untuk sobat ketahui bahwa analytical exposition text merupakan jenis teks argumentative text, seperti Hortatory Exposition Text. Untuk lebih jelasnya mari kita lihat penjelasan mengenai analytical exposition text berikut ini. Semoga bermanfaat. Check this out!!!

A. Pengertian Analytical Exposition Text

Analytical exposition text adalah jenis teks yang termasuk ke dalam jenis Argumentation Text dimana teks tersebut berisi tentang pemikiran terperinci penulis tentang sebuah kejadian atau peristiwa yang ada di sekitar.

B. Tujuan Komunikatif Analytical Exposition Text

Tujuan komunikatif dari analytical exposition text adalah untuk meyakinkan pembaca bahwa topik yang dihadirkan adalah topik yang penting untuk dibahas atau mendapat perhatian dengan cara pemberian argumen-argumen atau pendapat-pendapat yang mendukung ide pokok atau topik tersebut.

C. Struktur Kebahasaan Analytical Exposition

Struktur kebahasaan analytical exposition text terdiri dari tiga bagian yaitu:

1. Thesis

Di bagian Thesis, penulis memperkenalkan topik atau ide pokok yang akan dibahas. Thesis selalu berada di paragraf pertama dalam analytical exposition text.

2. Argument

Di bagian ini penulis menghadirkan argumen-argumen atau pendapat-pendapat yang mendukung ide pokok penulis teks tersebut. Biasanya dalam sebuah analytical exposition text terdapat lebih dari dua argumen. Semakin banyak argumen yang ditampilkan, semakin membuat pembaca percaya bahwa topik yang dibahas oleh penulis adalah topik yang sangat penting atau membutuhkan perhatian.

3. Reiteration

Bagian ini merupakan bagian penutup dari sebuah analytical exposition text yang selalu terletak di akhir paragraf. Reiteration berisi penulisan kembali atau penempatan kembali ide pokok yang terdapat di paragraf pertama. Reiteration juga biasa disebut dengan conclusion atau kesimpulan.

D. Ciri Kebahasaan Analytical Exposition 

Dalam sebuah analytical exposition text, terdapat beberapa ciri-ciri kebahasaan seperti di bawah ini, yaitu:

menggunakan simple present

mengunakan reltional process

menggunakan internal conjunction

menggunakan casual conjuction

E. Contoh Analytical Exposition  Text

Untuk melengkapi dan memperkuat pemahaman anda mengenai analytical exposition text, sengaja penulis sertakan contoh beserta terjemahan seperti berikut ini.

Cars Should Be Banned

(Thesis)

Cars should be banned in the city. As we all know, cars create pollution, and cause a lot of road deaths and other accidents.

(Argument 1)

Firstly, cars, as we all know, give contribution to the most of the pollution in the world. Cars emit deadly gas that causes illness such as bronchitis, lung cancer, and ‘triggers’ off asthma. Some of these illnesses are so bad that people can die from them.

(Argument 2)

Secondly, the city is very busy. Pedestrians wander everywhere and cars commonly hit pedestrains in the city, which causes them to die. Cars today are our roads biggest killers.

(Argument 3)

Thirdly, cars are very noisy. If you live in the city, you may find it hard to sleep at night, or to concentrate on your homework, and especially when you talk to someone.

(Reiteration)

In conclusion, cars should be benned from the city for the reason listed.

Personal Me, Nice to Meet Ya!

Hello my name is Tangang Qisthina you can call me Tangang or Qsa. Im tall, good at sports and have tomboyish style. In this year i hope and wish that everything what i want going smoothly. I'll be 22 year old in this year. I like to playing games, online on social medias, watching movies and series, I love attending concerts to, going to journey, looking for something new, exciting and fresh. Anyway i really like girl bands especially Girls' Generation. I love Girls' Generation so much until now. I have been a fan of them since 2007 the day they just start their carrerr also still fetus haha. Girls' Generation (소녀시대), also known as SNSD (So Nyeo Shi Dae), is a South Korean girl group formed by SM Entertainment. The group is composed of eight members: Taeyeon, Sunny, Tiffany, Hyoyeon, Yuri, Sooyoung, Yoona and Seohyun. Originally a nine-piece group, Jessica later departed from the group in September 2014. Girls' Generation debuted in 2007 with their Korean eponymous debut album. Those girls really inspirasing and like a role model for me. My favorite is Tiffany Hwang (Stephanie Young Hwang) but that doesn't make me stop and loving all eight of them very much. Tiffany, Tiffany Hwang or Tiffany Young,[2] is an American singer. Born and raised in California, she was discovered by South Korean entertainment agency SM Entertainment at the age of fifteen and subsequently moved to South Korea. After four years of training, Tiffany debuted as a member of girl group Girls' Generation (and later its subgroup TTS) in August 2007, who went on to be one of the best-selling artists in South Korea and one of South Korea's most popular girl groups worldwide. In 2016, following her contribution to several side projects during the early part of her career, Tiffany became the second Girls' Generation member to release a solo debut album, I Just Wanna Dance. On March 14, 2018, Tiffany released a digital single "Remember Me" under the stage name Tiffany Young. June 2018, it was announced that she would be debuting in the United States under Paradigm Talent Agency, through a single album titled "Over My Skin".

SAP 6 - Adjectives and Adverbs

                                            Adjectives and Adverbs


Pengertian dan penggunaan Adjective dan Adverb.
Adjective (kata sifat) adalah kata yang digunakan untuk menerangkan noun (kata benda) atau pronoun (kata ganti) yang dapat berupa orang (person), tempat (place), binatang (animal), benda atau konsep abstrak.
Contoh:
She’s an excellent singer.
I’ve got a new apartment.

Adverb (kata keterangan) merubah kata kerja, yakni kata keterangan menjelaskan bagaimana sesuatu dilakukan.
Contoh:
She learns quickly.
You can speak English well.
Adjective bisa ditempatkan sebelum kata benda.
Contoh:
This is a beautiful bird.
“This is a bird beautiful.” tidak benar.

Kata sifat memberikan informasi seperti ukuran (kecil, besar), bentuk (bulat, persegi), warna (kuning, hijau), kebangsaan (Cina, Polandia), dan opini (baik, buruk). Adjective tidak mengalami perubahan yang tergantung pada jumlah (tunggal atau jamak).
Contoh:
She has a cute puppy.
She has three cute puppies.
Perhatikan bahwa adjective (cute) tidak mengalami perubahan baik dalam bentuk tunggal (puppy) maupun jamak (puppies).
Adjective juga bisa ditempatkan setelah kata kerja tertentu seperti be, feel, look, dan taste.
Contoh:
I’m really happy today.
She’s got a new job so she feels great.
You look wonderful!
This chicken tastes delicious.

Adverb adalah kata keterangan. Adverbs dan adjective memiliki kesamaan. Jika ditinjau dari segi filsafat bahasa kedua kata ini diawali dengan kata “Ad” yang memungkinkan adanya arti “Add” atau “penambahan”. Jika adjectives menambahkan kejelasan arti pada kata benda (nouns), maka adverb menambahkan kejelasan terhadap kata kerja (verbs).
1.      Dalam banyak kasus, adverb dapat dibentuk dengan hanya menambahkan ‘-ly’ pada adjective.
>  Quick (adjective) – He’s quick at learning new things.
>  Quickly (adverb) – He learns quickly.
>  Bad (adjective) – He didn’t get a bad test score.
>  Badly (adverb) – He didn’t do badly in his test.
>  Fluent (adjective) – Her English is fluent
>  Fluently (adverb) – She can speak English fluently

2.       Untuk adverb yang terbentuk dari adjective yang berakhiran dengan huruf “-y” ganti “-y” dengan “-i” dan tambahkan “-ly“.
>  Easy (adjective)  - He thinks math is easy.
>  Easily (adverb)  - He can do math easily.
>  Happy (adjective)  - He’s a happy man.
>  Happily (adverb)  - He works happily every day.

3.       Untuk adverb yang terbentuk dari adjective yang berakhiran dengan huruf “-le” ganti “-le” dengan “-ly“.
>  Simple (adjective)  - The teacher makes difficult things simple.
>  Simply (adverb)  - He teaches simply and clearly.

4.      Jika adjectiv berakhir dengan ‘-ic’, tambahkan ‘-ally’.


Beberapa adverb sama dengan adjective.
Contoh:
He runs fast (adverb)  - He’s a fast runner. (adjective)
He studies hard. (adverb)  - It’s a hard life. (adjective)
Adverb untuk “good” adalah “well“.
Contoh:
She’s a good pianist.
She plays the piano well.
Adverb juga bisa mengubah adjective dan adverb-adverb lainnya.
Contoh:
That’s a good book.
That’s a very good book.
She’s a talented girl.
She’s an incredibly talented girl.
You’re right!
You’re absolutely right!

Source:
http://dwikartikasari-18211665.blogspot.com/2015/04/adjective-and-adverb-kata-sifat-dan.html

SAP 5 - Modal Auxiliaries

                                                         Modal Auxiliaries


Modal auxiliary verb memiliki beberapa variasi, contohnya seperti: can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will dan would yang akan Bigbanktheories.com jelaskan berikut ini.
Can
Can adalah auxiliary verb yang menyatakan kemampuan (ability), possibility (kemungkinan), permission (ijin) dan biasanya ‘can’ dapat diartikan dengan ‘dapat/bisa’
Contoh:
Ability : I can do anything if I want. (Saya dapat melakukan apa saja jika saya menginginkannya)
Possibility : This beautiful bracelet can be yours. (Gelang cantik ini bisa jadi milikmu)
Permission :  Can they join this party? (Dapatkah mereka bergabung di pesta ini?)

Could
Could adalah auxiliary verb yang merupakan bentuk past tense / bentuk lampau dari ‘can’ yang fungsinya adalah sam-sama menyatakan kemampuan (ability), possibility (kemungkinan), permission (ijin) dan ‘could’ dapat diartikan pula dengan ‘dapat/bisa’
Contoh:
Ability : Vestia could come here if she wasn’t busy. (Vestia dapat datang kemari jika dia tidak sibuk)
Possibility : The free cinema tickets could be ours if we came to the mall yesterday. (Tiket bioskop gratis bisa menjadi milik kami jika kami datang ke mall kemarin)
Permission : Could I join this game? (Dapatkah saya bergabung di permainan ini?)



May
May adalah auxiliary verb yang menyatakan permission (ijin) dan probability (kemungkinan di dalam kesempatan) dan biasanya diartikan sebagai ‘mungkin/boleh’
Contoh:
Permission : May I go to the supermarket with my friends, Dad? (Bolehkah saya pergi ke supermarket bersama teman-teman saya, Pak?)
Probability : My brother and I will buy an ice cream if we have finished our homework may be. (Adik saya dan saya akan membeli sebuah es krim jika kami telah selesai mengerjakan pekerjaan rumah kami)

Might
Might adalah auxiliary verb yang merupakan bentuk past tense / bentuk lampau dari ‘may’ yang menyatakan permission (ijin) dan probability (kemungkinan di dalam kesempatan) dan biasanya diartikan sebagai ‘mungkin’
Contoh:
Probability : I might do this report alone if you didn’t come. (Saya mungkin akan mengerjakan laporan ini sendirian jika kamu tidak datang)

Must
Must adalah auxiliary verb yang menyatakan kebutuhan (necessity) dan kesimpulan yang logis (logical conclusion) yang kejadiannya bisa telah terjadi (event in the past), sedang terjadi (event in the present) dan menyatakan suatu kejadian yang berulang (event that repeat). Must biasanya diartikan dengan kata ‘harus’ atau ‘pasti’
Contoh:
Necessity : You must be here by now! (Kamu harus kesini sekarang!)
Logical conclusion (event in the present) : Julia isn’t in her desk now, she must be going somewhere. (Julia tidak di mejanya sekarang, dia pasti sedang ada di suatu tempat)
Logical conclusion(event in the past) : I doesn’t see Mr. Rio, he mustt have left early. (Saya tidak melihat Mr. Rio, dia pasti telah pulang lebih dulu)
Logical conclusion (event that repeat) : Mrs. Bastian is always look healthy and slim, she must exercise a lot. (Mrs. Bastian selalu terlihat sehat dan langsing, dia pasti banyak berolah raga)

Shall
Shall adalah auxiliary verb yang berfungsi menegaskan masa mendatang (future emphasis) dan shall dapat diartikan dengan ‘akan’.
Contoh:
Future emphasis : He shall come tomorrow. (Dia akan datang besok)

Should
Should adalah auxiliary verb yang menyatakan prediksi (prediction), saran (advice) dan kewajiban (obligation) dan biasanya diartikan dengan kata ‘seharusnya’.
Contoh:
Prediction : If Theo met Dessy in the way home, they should talk about me. (Jika Theo bertemu Dessy di jalan pulang kerumah, mereka pasti membicarakan tentang saya)
Advice : The students should study hard if they want to pass the examination. (Para siswa harus belajar dengan giat jika mereka ingin lulus ujian)
Obligation : If you found my book, you should tell me. (jika kamu menemukan buku saya, kamu seharusnya mengatakannya pada saya)

Will
Will adalah auxiliary verb yang menyatakan masa yang akan datang (future) dan dapat diartikan dengan ‘akan’.
Contoh:
Future : I will go to the school tomorrow. (Saya akan pergi ke sekolah besok)



Would
Would adalah auxiliary verb yang berfungsi untuk menyatakan keadaan atau kondisi yang sebenarnya (factual condition) baik itu berupa kondisi yang kemungkinan akan terjadi (possible result) maupun kondisi yang akan berubah di masa lampau (probable changes in past result). ‘Would’ biasa diartikan dengan ‘akan’.
Contoh:
Factual condition (Possible result) : If we went to Bali, we would enjoy more our holiday. (Jika kami pergi ke bali, kami mungkin akan lebih menikmati hari libur kami)
Factual condition (Probable changes in past result) : If Jenny had much money, she would have bought many things. (Jika Jenny mempunyai banyak uang, ia mungkin akan telah membeli banyak barang).


Source:
http://www.bigbanktheories.com/penjelasan-materi-modal-auxiliary-verbs-dalam-bahasa-inggris/

SAP 4 - Verb as Complement

                                                 Verb as Complement


Pengertian Complement
Complement adalah kata atau kelompok kata yang melengkapi makna dari subject, verb, atau object. Dengan demikian, ada tiga macam complement, yaitu: subject, verb, danobject complement.
Subject Complement
Pengertian Subject Complement
Subject complement adalah noun, pronoun, adjective, atau konstruksi lain (berperan sebagai noun atau adjective) yang mengikuti verbs of being atau linking verb serta berfungsi menerangkan atau merujuk subjek kalimat.
Subject complement terbagi menjadi tiga yaitu: predicate adjective (subjek dihubungkan dengan adjective), predicate noun (subjek dihubungkan dengan noun), dan predicate pronoun (subjek dihubungkan dengan pronoun).
Verb Complement
Verb complement adalah direct object (DO) atau indirect object (IO) dari suatu action verb. Objek-objek tersebut dapat berupa noun, pronoun, atau konstruksi lain yang berakting seperti noun, seperti: gerund, infinitive, dan noun clause.
PENGERTIAN GERUND
Gerund adalah suatu kata yang dibentuk dari verb dengan ditambahkan suffix -ingdan berfungsi sebagai noun. Walaupun berfungsi sebagai noun namun masih bertingkah seperti verb jika berada di dalam frasanya (gerund phrase), seperti: diikuti direct object jika gerund berasal dari transitive verb atau dibatasi maknanya dengan adverb.

Kata ini merupakan verbal, yaitu suatu kata yang dibentuk dari kata kerja, namun berfungsi sebagai part of speech lain. Verbal yang lain yaitu infinitive dan participle. Seperti verbal lainnya, kata ini lebih umum untuk menamai action (aksi) atau state of being (keadaan).
Contoh Gerund: Swimming, walking, playing, building
Setelah prepositions
Sebelum diikuti oleh gerunds, prepositions (kata depan) biasanya mengikuti verbs, adjectives, atau nouns.
Verbs + prepositions + gerunds
Phrase pada table berikut adalah verbs + prepositions yang selalu diikuti oleh gerund (tidak pernah diikuti oleh infinitive.)
Contoh:
He gave up smoking because of his doctor’s advice. (Dia berhenti merokok karena saran dokternya).
Jenny insisted on buying that cellphone instead of this one. (Jenny bersikeras untuk membeli HP itu daripada HP ini).
Have you ever thought of studying abroad? (Pernahkah kamu berfikir untuk belajar di luar negeri?)
After a long trial and error, he finally succeeded in fixing his laptop. (Setelah lama mencoba-coba, dia akhirnya berhasil memperbaiki laptopnya).
Adjectives + prepositions + gerunds
Phrase pada table berikut adalah adjectives + prepositions yang selalu diikuti oleh gerund (tidak pernah diikuti oleh infinitive.)
Contoh:
Will you be capable of finishing your work by noon tomorrow? (Apakah kamu (akan) bisa menyelesaikan pekerjaanmu sebelum jam 12 siang besok?).
Are you afraid of sleeping in the dark? (Apakah kamu takut tidur dalam keadaan gelap?).
I am tired of studying all day long. Let’s go out to have fun. (Saya lelah (karena) belajar seharian. Ayo kita cari kesenangan di luar).

Source:
http://delyarr.blogspot.com/2015/05/verb-as-complement_11.html